黑格尔

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本文导读目录：

1、黑格尔简介(回归内心，尊敬自己)

2、黑格尔英文简介

3、黑格尔

　　识别二维码 一键购买☟ 　　1．世界精神太忙碌于现实，太驰鹜于外界，而不遑回到内心，转回自身，以徜徉自怡于自己原有的家园中。 　　2．一方面由于时代的艰苦，使人对于日常生活的琐事予以太大的重视，另一方面，现实上最高的兴趣，却在于努力奋斗首先去复兴并拯救国家民族生活上政治上的整个局势。这些工作占据了精神上的一切能力，各阶层人民的一切力量，以及外在的手段，致使我们精神上的内心生活不能赢得宁静。 　　3．一般讲来，精神的力量在时间里已有了如此广大的效力：即凡现时尚能保存的东西，可以说只是理念和符合理念的东西，并且凡能有效力的东西必然可以在识见和思想的前面获得证明。 　　4．由此足见教育和科学所开的花本身即是国家生活中一个主要的环节。我们这个大学既是大学的中心，对于一切精神教育，一切科学和真理的中心，哲学，必须尊重其地位，优予培植。 　　5．放弃对真理的知识，自古就被当作最可轻视的、最无价值的事情，却被我们的时代推崇为精神上最高的胜利。 　　6．真理的王国是哲学所最熟习的领域，也是哲学所缔造的，通过哲学的研究，我们是可以分享的。凡生活中真实的伟大的神圣的事物，其所以真实、伟大、神圣，均由于理念。哲学的目的就在于掌握理念的普遍性和真形相。 　　7．自然界是注定了只有用必然性去完成理性。但精神的世界就是自由的世界。举凡一切维系人类生活的，有价值的，行得通的，都是精神性的。而精神世界只有通过对真理和正义的意识，通过对理念的掌握，才能取得实际存在。 　　8．追求真理的勇气，相信精神的力量，乃是哲学研究的第一条件。人应尊敬他自己，并应自视能配得上最高尚的东西。精神的伟大和力量是不可以低估和小视的。那隐蔽着的宇宙本质自身并没有力量足以抗拒求知的勇气。对于勇毅的求知者，它只能揭开它的秘密，将它的财富和奥妙公开给他，让他享受。 　　9.哲学的开端就是一个假设。 　　10.哲学可以定义为对于事物的思维着的考察。 　　11.人的意识，对于对象总是先形成表象，后才形成概念，而且唯有通过表象，依靠表象，人的能思的心灵才进而达到对于事物的思维的认识和把握。 　　12.在辩证的阶段，这些有限的规定扬弃它们自身，并且过渡到它们的反面。 　　13.辩证法却是一种内在的超越。 　　14.凡有限之物莫不扬弃其自身。 　　15.如果说，无是这种自身等同的直接性，那么反过来说，有正是同样的东西。因此，“有”与“无”的真理，就是两者的统一。这种统一就是变易。 　　16.我们仍然必须说，人不外是他的一系列行为所构成的。 　　（以上摘自《小逻辑》，商务印书馆出版） 　　黑格尔(1770～1831)，德国古典唯心主义辩证法哲学的集大成者，彻底的客观唯心主义者。 　　黑格尔的《小逻辑》是构成他的《哲学全书》的一个主要环节，本来是印发给学生的讲义性质。是黑格尔于最后十余年内的心血。 　　它的好处在于把握住全系统的轮廓和重点，材料分配均匀，文字简奥紧凑，而义蕴深厚。初看似颇难解，及细加咀嚼，愈觉意味无穷，启发人深思。他的学生在他逝世后编订全集时，再附加以学生笔记作为附释，于是使得这书又有了明白晓畅、亲切感人的特点。尤其是关于思想对客观性的三种态度及概念的推论等，都是《大逻辑》所没有或极少见的，特别值得重视。　　1、G.W.F.HEGELthe introduation of Born : August 27, 1770, in Stuttgart, Wrttemberg Died : November 14, 1831 (aged 61) in Berlin,Prussia Nationality : Germany Region : Western Philosophy Era : 19th-century philosophy Logic Aesthetics Religion Philosophy of history Metaphysics Epistemology Political phil 　　2、osophy Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher, and a major figure in German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of reality revolutionized European philosophy and was an important precursor to Continental philosophy and Marxism. Hegel developed a comprehensive philosophical 　　3、 framework, or system, of Absolute idealism to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature, the subject and object of knowledge, psychology, the state, history, art, religion, and philosophy. In particular, he developed the concept that mind or spirit manifeste 　　4、d itself in a set of contradictions and oppositions that it ultimately integrated and united, without eliminating either pole or reducing one to the other. Examples of such contradictions include those between nature and freedom, and between immanence and transcendence.Hegels thoughts Hegels philoso 　　5、phy was profoudly Hegels philosophy was profoudly influenced by the work of Kant.influenced by the work of Kant. The Hegelian philosophical system The Hegelian philosophical system occupies a central place in the occupies a central place in the history and genesis of modern history and genesis of mo 　　6、dern Western thought.Western thought. His system influenced a wide His system influenced a wide range of philosophies whose range of philosophies whose effects are still with us today.effects are still with us today. Hegels doctrines have informed Hegels doctrines have informed much Protestant theol 　　7、ogy, and much Protestant theology, and his philosophy of history has his philosophy of history has profoundly affected numerous profoundly affected numerous disciplines, including political and disciplines, including political and cultural theory.cultural theory.Historical Context of Hegels Thought 　　8、Hegels system was initially inspired by Hegels system was initially inspired by the French Revolution of 1789the French Revolution of 1789 Hegels philosophy was forged in the Hegels philosophy was forged in the heat of colossal, and sometimes violent, heat of colossal, and sometimes violent, politic 　　9、al struggles which for bourgeois political struggles which for bourgeois supremacy against aristocracy and supremacy against aristocracy and absolute power continued through the absolute power continued through the nineteenth century.nineteenth century. Hegels thought effects a vast synthesis Hegels 　　10、 thought effects a vast synthesis of two major currents,the Enlightenment of two major currents,the Enlightenment and Romantic.and Romantic.The Hegelian DialecticThe Hegelian Dialectic Dialectic is a mode of thinking that Dialectic is a mode of thinking that recognizes that the self and world stand 　　11、in recognizes that the self and world stand in necessary connection, that thought is not a necessary connection, that thought is not a static system of classification but a self-static system of classification but a self-criticizing process, and that the world as criticizing process, and that the wo 　　12、rld as simply given to our senses is not worthy of simply given to our senses is not worthy of the namereality . the namereality . On three broad levels, logical, On three broad levels, logical, phenomenological(the forms taken by phenomenological(the forms taken by consciousness), and historical.co 　　13、nsciousness), and historical.Three monents of the dialectic 386Three monents of the dialectic 386 immediacy and simple self-identity represents our first view of an object, as mere existence, as independent. mediation and externalization, locate the objects essence and identity not in itself but in 　　14、something else, in its relations.（content, nature, essence) mediated unity the object as a particular existent and the object as embodying certain universal and essential qualities. Logic As it is expounded in Hegels As it is expounded in Hegels Logic, Logic, it is clear that dialectical thinking it 　　15、 is clear that dialectical thinking constitutes an attack upon constitutes an attack upon traditional logic(which attempt to traditional logic(which attempt to comprehend a static world by comprehend a static world by means of fixed categories and means of fixed categories and laws)which is based up 　　16、on the laws)which is based upon the notion on identity.notion on identity.Hegel points out that if we actually adhered to the first law of traditional logic, that A=A, we would be reduced to such empty tautological utterances as Mind=mind.Thus,identity has its connections with what is different from 　　17、 it. Hence identity and difference are insparable.Hegels own logic, enlisting the notion of the identity in diversity or identity in differenceThree basic of thoughtThree basic of thought understanding, which views the world as static and as composed of distinct particulars ; dialectic, which ascert 　　18、ains the contradictory and dynamic nature of things, but is unable to resolve these contradictions speculation which apprehends the unity of trems.in their oppositionThe phenomenology of Spiritself- consciousness Hegel begins the section on self-certainty by stating that the threeforms of consciousn 　　19、ess already examined, sense-certainty, perception, and understanding, can now be seen not as self-subsistent views of the world but as moments or phases of self-consciousness. For Hegel, the most fundamental form of self-consciousness is desire. As Hegel puts it: self-consciousness is Desire in gene 　　20、ral . As Hegel puts it, self-consciousness can achieve satisfaction and recognition only in aother self-consciousness.n other words, to be certain of my humanity, my self-consciousness, I must obtain recognition not from an object, nor from a person whom I treat as an object, but from a person whose humanity I recognize: we each acknowledge the other not as objects but as free, autonomous.slave-　　黑格尔是德国的一位著名的哲学家，其出生于1770年。1788年他作为公费生考入图宾根学院学习哲学，大学毕业后当了几年家庭教师，教学之余常研究政治、历史、哲学、政治经济学。其一生最大的成就就是阐述了运动、变化、发展的思想，提出了质量互变、对立统一和否定之否定三大规律，并运用于他所研究的各个领域，成为马克思主义的理论来源之一。

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